Should Marijuana Be Legalized - 1715 Words

Marijuana in Society Cannabis, formally known as marijuana is a drug obtained from the tops, stems and leaves of the hemp plant cannabis. The drug is one of the most commonly used drugs in the world. Only substances like caffeine, nicotine and alcohol are used more (â€Å"Marijuana† 1). In the U. S. where some use it to feel â€Å"high† or get an escape from reality. The drug is referred to in many ways; weed, grass, pot, and or reefer are some common names used to describe the drug (â€Å"Marijuana† 1). Like most drugs, marijuana has a very long history. People have been using the plant around the world for thousands of years. The oldest record of the marijuana plant dates back to 2727 B. C. in China where the plant was used as a medical herb for treating conditions like rheumatism, gout, malaria and even absent-mindedness (â€Å"Cannabis, Coca, Poopy: Nature’s Addictive Plants† 1). Slowly, the plant started spreading around the world. By 1545, cannabis was starting t o appear throughout the western worlds. Being introduced to South America by the Spanish to be used as fiber. The crop also had many other common uses around the world. In North America, cannabis was often used to make paper, ropes, clothing and other materials (â€Å"The Origins of Cannabis† 1). Today, buying and or selling marijuana for common use has become a major problem. This is mainly because marijuana as we know it has completely lost its purpose. It is no longer needed as a crop for making robe, paper or fiber. It isShow MoreRelatedShould Marijuana Be Legalized?849 Words   |  4 Pageswhether marijuana should be legalized. Around 23 states have legalized marijuana for medical and recreational use. In the state of Illinois, medicinal use of marijuana has been passed on April 17, 2013. Since January 2014, patients are able to obtain marijuana with a doctor s recommendation. The new debate is whether marijuana should be legalized for the general public as a recreational drug. Although some believe that marijuana is harmless, and that it has beneficial medicinal uses, marijuana shouldRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1489 Words   |  6 Pagescannabis plant or marijuana is intended for use of a psychoactive drug or medicine. It is used for recreational or medical uses. In some religions, marijuana is predominantly used for spiritual purposes. Cannabis is indigenous to central and south Asia. Cannabis has been scientifically proven that you can not die from smoking marijuana. Marijuana should be legalized to help people with medical benefits, economic benefits, and criminal benefits. In eight states, marijuana was legalized for recreationalRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1245 Words   |  5 PagesMarijuana is a highly debatable topic that is rapidly gaining attention in society today.   Legalizing marijuana can benefit the economy of this nation through the creation of jobs, increased tax revenue, and a decrease in taxpayer money spent on law enforcement.   Ã‚  Many people would outlaw alcohol, cigarettes, fast food, gambling, and tanning beds because of the harmful effects they have on members of a society, but this is the United States of America; the land of the free and we should give peopleRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal ized?1010 Words   |  5 PagesThe legalization of marijuana became a heated political subject in the last few years. Twenty-one states in America have legalized medical marijuana. Colorado and Washington are the only states where marijuana can be purchased recreationally. Marijuana is the high THC level part of the cannabis plant, which gives users the â€Å"high† feeling. There is ample evidence that supports the argument that marijuana is beneficial. The government should legalize marijuana recreationally for three main reasonsRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1231 Words   |  5 Pagesshows the positive benefits of marijuana, it remains illegal under federal law. In recent years, numerous states have defied federal law and legalized marijuana for both recreational and medicinal use. Arizona has legalized marijuana for medical use, but it still remains illegal to use recreationally. This is absurd, as the evidence gathered over the last few decades strongly supports the notion that it is safer than alcohol, a widely available substance. Marijuana being listed as a Schedule I drugRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1350 Words   |  6 Pagespolitics in the past decade would have to be the legalization of marijuana. The sale and production of marijuana have been legalized for medicinal uses in over twenty states and has been legalized for recreational uses in seven states. Despite the ongoing support for marijuana, it has yet to be fully legalized in the federal level due to cultural bias against â€Å"pot† smoking and the focus over its negative effects. However, legalizing marijuana has been proven to decrease the rate of incrimination in AmericaRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized? Essay1457 Words   |  6 PagesSHOULD MARIJUANA BE LEGALIZED? Marijuana is a drug that has sparked much controversy over the past decade as to whether or not it should be legalized. People once thought of marijuana as a bad, mind-altering drug which changes a person’s personality which can lead to crime and violence through selling and buying it. In the past, the majority of citizens believed that marijuana is a harmful drug that should be kept off the market and out of the hands of the public. However, a recent study conductedRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1145 Words   |  5 PagesLegalizing Marijuana Marijuana is a drug that has been actively used for centuries. This drug can be traced back to 2737 BC by the Chinese emperor Shen Nung. He spoke about the euphoric effects of Cannabis and even referred to it as the â€Å"Liberator of Sin.† Since early on, marijuana was seen as a medicinal plant that was recommended for medical uses. Marijuana is currently in schedule I, which means that physicians are not allowed to prescribe it in the United States (Hart, Ksir 2013). This drugRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1596 Words   |  7 Pages But what needs to be known before a user can safely and completely make the decision if trying Marijuana is a good idea? Many do not want the drug to be legalized because they claim that Cannabis is a â€Å"gateway drug†, meaning it will cause people to try harder drugs once their body builds up a resistance to Marijuana, because a stronger drug will be needed to reach a high state. This argument is often falsely related to the m edical side of the debate over legalization. It is claimed that this wouldRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?985 Words   |  4 PagesLegalize Marijuana Despite what people believe about marijuana, it hasn’t once proved to be the cause of any real issue. It makes you wonder what the reason as to why there is a war on drugs. Why is marijuana the main concern? Since the time that alcohol and tobacco became legal, people wonder why marijuana isn’t legal yet. The fact that marijuana is illegal is mainly caused by the amount of money, jobs, and pride invested in the drug war. Once the government starts anything, they stick to it. At

Alcohol Abuse As A Behavioral Disorder - 1382 Words

Alcohol abuse is more precisely considered as a behavioral disorder in which the drinking is symptomatic of physiological, mental, social, and financial weight on the person. It is broadly trusted that liquor addiction is a noteworthy issue with possibly vital results. Some of the consequences alcoholics must deal with range from economic, health, friends and family. Liquor addiction, a turmoil in the unified states, influencing around 1/20 people at any time and 1/10 people sooner or later amid their lives has turned out to be predominant. This issue can be dealt with numerous ways; however, medicine would be the quicker strategy. Roughly 60% of the general population in our nation who are more than 15 years old utilize alcohol in one†¦show more content†¦This is a physical impulse, not an ethical issue, nor does it show absence of determination. AA appropriately focuses on that the main time the alcoholic has any genuine control over his drinking is in his decision of whether to take the first drink or not. There is no speculation that will apply to the whole alcoholic populace aside from this: all experience the ill effects of a sort of uneasiness, a serious inconvenience that stems from some physiological or mental cause, or most likely a mix of both. Every one of them have discovered that liquor diminishes this uneasiness. When they start to utilize liquor for alleviation it has an interest, a delight, which leads them to keep utilizing it over and over again. Inevitably they have no self-control. Liquor addiction, as a general medical issue, shows certain exceptional qualities. There is no perceived and particular cause. Even though there are around 70,000,000 consumers of alcohol in the US, the amount latching on to this disorder is little, around 5,015,00. The suggestion that liquor addiction does not create without the utilization of liquor is self-evident. The opposite of this suggestion (that liquor is the essential driver of liquor addiction) is aShow MoreRelatedComorbidity Of Social Anxiety And Alcohol Use Disorder1351 Words   |  6 Pages†¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Comorbidity of Social Anxiety and Alcohol Use Disorder: Developments in Patient Care Alexandra L. Strange Baker University School of Nursing October 27, 2014 Social anxiety and alcohol use disorder often occur concurrently. Statistics show that individuals with social anxiety have a two-fold increased risk of being diagnosed with alcohol use disorder than those without anxiety. It is important to be able to identify when there is an occurrence of both disorders due to the fact that comorbidityRead MoreAlcohol Abuse and Alcohol Anonimus Essay708 Words   |  3 PagesAlcohol Abuse is part of disorder that affects many people throughout the world. Many are aware of the issues the disorder can bring not just on the victim, but also to the people that surround the person with the psychological problem. There are different areas that can be discussed in regards to alcoholism. According to Coon Mitterer (2013), a substance abuse disorder is when there is an abuse or dependence on a psychoactive drug. Alcohol is a substance that can become abusive and bring negativeRead MoreThe Disastrous Effects Of Parental Drug Addiction On Children1478 Words   |  6 PagesNational Institute on Drug Abuse, substance addiction is a â€Å"chronic, relapsing brain disease that is characterized by compulsive drug seeking and use, despite the harmful consequences† (â€Å"What is drug addiction?†). Drug abuse affects not only the user, but those around the user as well. The actions of a drug user place a significant amount of worry on the people that are closest to them such as friends and family. Children with parents who are addicted to drugs or alcohol can be severely affected byRead MoreSubstance Abuse And Alcohol Dependence Syndrome999 Words   |  4 PagesAlcohol is a major controversial topic in the world for as far back as 3000 B.C. Egyptians, Greeks, Romans, and Israelites used alcohol to extremes just as people of modern times currently use it. Conners (1992) references that in the ancient Greek world wine played a significant role. So much that it was reported that Dionysus, said to be the son of Zeus, shared th e secret of making wine to the Greeks. Butcher, Hooley Mineka (2014) states â€Å"The World Health Organization no longer recommendsRead MoreThe Pathophysiology Of Alcohol Abuse And Addiction1104 Words   |  5 PagesAlcohol is consumed around the world for numerous reasons. Alcohol Use Disorder is a problematic pattern of alcohol use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress (APA, 2013). In this paper, I will discuss the pathophysiology of alcohol abuse and addiction as well as the effect on human behavior and the contribution to clinical psychology. Alcohol can affect the nervous system from the immediate experience which is linked to behavioral changes. Initial alcohol consumption can impairRead MoreIn the course of child development, a multitude of factors have severe ramifications on the child’s900 Words   |  4 Pagesgender, and environmental conditions. It is important to look at these factors when determining norms in developmental pathways or observing deviances, which could explain future behavioral problems. On a superficial level, the amalgamation of risk and protective factors could create predictable outcomes in the behavioral, emotional, and social stability of an individual. Adequate preventative measures to increase resilience in a child with many risk factors, could lead to sufficient buffering ofRead More Eating Disorders And Substance Abuse Essay1636 Words   |  7 PagesEating Disorders And Substance Abuse Common Eating Disorders: The two most common eating disorders are bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa. Both disorders, primarily affect young women, therefore the majority of the research on eating disorders has been done with women subjects. The onset of bulimia is between adolescence and early adulthood while the onset of anorexia is between early and late adolescence. Not only is the onset different but the disorders are unique. Bulimia nervosa isRead MoreThe Lord Is My Rock, My Fortress And My Deliverer1161 Words   |  5 Pagesastray, each of us has turned to our own way; and the LORD has laid on him the iniquity of us all. It is so easy to give up on what you are working towards, especially if it is difficult. Those who experience PTSD turn back to depression, drugs, alcohol, and other harmful self-destructing outlets. Although we do not know how Matthew s story ended, we do know he took his wife s advice and sought out treatment for his problems. He had to if he wanted things to get better for hi m and his relationshipRead MoreAlcohol Abuse And Alcohol Use Disorder1271 Words   |  6 PagesA brief history of alcohol and its use, alcohol has been around since the birth of man. Alcohol has been used for medical reasons, as well as recreational use. As far as historians can tell, the abuse of Alcohol had been around just as long. But people haven’t considered it some type of disorder until the 19th century. In 1819, German Doctor C. W. Hufeland coined the term Dipsomania. Dipsomania was the uncontrollable craving for alcohol. In 1849, Dipsomania became known as Alcoholism. In the 1920’sRead MoreThe Growing Percentage Of Males And Females With Substance Use Disorder1656 Words   |  7 Pages The Growing Percentage of Males and Females Suffering with Substance Use Disorder Jerrelda Drummer Sanders SOWK 751 Dr. D. Freeman December 4, Fall Semester 2015 Southern University at New Orleans Males and Females Suffering with Substance Use Disorder 2. About 24 million Americans over age 12 (or 9% of the population) have used an illegal drug (mostly marijuana) or abused a medication in the past month, (APA 2013)

How Has Performing Arts Affected Our Lives Essay Example For Students

How Has Performing Arts Affected Our Lives Essay Patience is one of the things that strongly believe that we artists need, so that we Veil be able to teach others and encourage our fellow musicians to strive hard though they might have started off slow. Based on my experience, I started off being the slowest and the last few to be promoted into the main band. After having excelled and worked hard to become a section leader to conduct my members, whenever I encounter new junior members Who were slower, patience does not just help me but help my fellow juniors boost their confidence also as a musician. Discipline is a form Of focus, and tolerance as a musicians we need the spieling to excel in our composition and pieces that we played so that we are able to produce quality and pr ©cited work. I also strongly feel that discipline is something which is required in all our daily lives, without discipline the outcome of our results would show how inconsistent and unprofessional at what we do. In my secondary school days given the role as a drum major was required to discipline a band of 70 members. With the lack tot discipline, everything would be disorganized. Therefore, there is a need of correction in the way they think and learn to follow instructions that are given to them and understand why all Hess rules are being implemented. Thus, it also ties in with commitment and accountability in the process of taking ownership in their work. Widening our perspectives allows a change of view in all situations and analyzes it before reacting towards it. Personally, performing arts changed my views in terms of the music genres and range of instruments that i worked around with it thus, applied to all our lives as well. Appreciations, towards the different form of art or music that is created by other artists and with respect The importance of appreciations alls down not only to the different varieties we have in the performing arts but also leading LIST to treasure and cherish our lives as well. Tryingly feel that living in Singapore is a great blessing and it is a privilege as everything is just placed right in front Of you, but we usually tend to take things for granted and not knowing how did all these things even came about it the first place. As an artist, Performer and musician, we should always be thankful and show our gratitude to our mentors, leaders and lecturers that has impacted us in different areas of our journey with them. It is because these are people who gave us a once in a life time experience that no one gets to e xperience and encounter with. Emotions, arouses us artistically and musically that is able to move us externally but internally as well. What makes emotion so affective and powerful is how you are able to channel your feelings through an instrument allowing the audience to be able to experience a whole new atmosphere, allowing your music to tell a story. In my experience personal emotions should always be put aside during rehearsals and during activities as it Will indirectly affect the atmosphere and our fellow peers around you. In conclusion, all the life values that have named has in fact greatly impacted me, performing arts has indeed made my life a greater journey and led me to where am today. Without the encounter and exposure to performing arts, life would have been living in a box and missing out on the world. Performing arts is a form of connection to the world that inters links everyone together and widens the form of communication, the affects to leading me into a whole new perception, Therefore Performing arts made a difference in my life.

Real Madrid free essay sample

This group of customers comprises the fans who visit the stadiums to watch the live matches, and total up to 80,000. Of the 80,000 seats available in the stadium, 58,000 seats are held by season ticket holders, 4000 box seats and VIPs, while the rest are for sale during the match. A good portion of the VIP seats could be one that is variable, with the club having VIP packages which appeal to premium customers who are willing to pay for the special amenities of a VIP room or box, complete with upmarket meals and beverages. While this number is important, its potential is relatively fixed, apart from the ability to expand the VIP privileges or number of seats. 2. People who purchase Real Madrid-branded Merchandises and Programmes Marketing and merchandising comprises a large proportion of the growing revenues of Real Madrid, and these group of customers involved people from around the world who would visit retail stores to buy all sorts of Real Madrid branded goods. We will write a custom essay sample on Real Madrid or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 3. Sponsors Sponsors remain an essential part of the revenue stream as well as the brand, with sponsors such as Nike having long-term sponsorship of the apparel for Manchester United. These forms of sponsorship help to build the clubs brand and affinity with the partner brands, and partners help to proliferate the sales of merchandises. As in the case of Nike and Manchester United, partnering with Nike will allow for Manchester United apparel to leverage on Nike’s quality as well as the global network of retail outlets in promoting and building the brand. Thus sponsors as customers of the football club’s advertising is fundamental. 4. TV Broadcasters With the deregulation of the media industry, broadcasting rights purchased by TV broadcasters from Real Madrid is an increasingly important source of revenue. We see the importance of TV broadcasters as an important customer to patronize the content that Real Madrid focuses on. Real Madrid continues to build strong players and provide better games for fans, focusing on building greater content for customers. With this, TV broadcasters will see a greater potential in the acquiring of this content as the quality and appeal increases amongst viewers. Merchandising plus members? â€Å"the socios†` Sponsors companies who subscribe to the brand and are willing to buy that advertising and exposure space (on jerseys etc. ) Geography upcoming asian market Age/Class young teens, adults, VIPs Firstly, evidently we see that Real Madrid engages in segmentation based on class – where there are different target audiences for the items that they sell based on the price premium of items. As we can see, there are various target markets of fans – the general public and the VIPs. Real Madrid is looking to double its number of boxes with the understanding that there is a long waiting list for them. This focus on that segment is different from the way in which it would tackle the general fan base. Segmentation seems to have been in merchandising, Real Madrid engaging in specialists to target a variety of geographical markets. For example, the plan for the Asian market would include soccer academies, fan clubs, specialty shops and cafes, however the U. S market was more targeted at partnering with a US major. Furthermore, segmentation would also be targeted according to age groups, with the opening of local school scholarships, local youth soccer organizations meant to be targeted at the youth fan loyalty.

zing heil essays

zing heil essays Marilyn Manson, The Beatles, NWA, Garth Brooks, and the king, Elvis, What do all these people have in common? Well, yes, they are all musical groups, but there is something more. Marilyn Manson is a heavy metal group who worships Satan, the Beatles were one of the greatest Rock N Roll bands of all time, and NWA was a hard-core rap group from the 80s. Garth Brooks is a country singer and greatest selling performer of all time, and well, Elvis is the king of Rock N Roll. So what do they all have in common? All of these artists have or had songs with indecent or obscene lyrics. Since the dawn of musical expression, there have been people trying to stop or hinder the constitutional right to listen and enjoy music of all forms. There were ordinary, everyday people during the infancy of Rock N Roll in the 1960s who made it their mission in life to stop so-called obscene music like the Beatles song Lucy In the Sky With Diamonds, from polluting our airwaves and minds. These groups succeeded in banning some songs from the radio, but most of their actions were for naught, because there was no real punishment for radio stations playing those songs labeled obscene. By 1985, many people wanted to cleanse the music industry of its indecent music, so the most prominent group in the history of music censorship was started: The Parents Music Resource Center (PMRC)-(A Brief...). This was just the first of many groups who made it their business to decide what the American Population should or should not listen to. These censorship groups have also been able to get government money in order to fight, lie, and bribe their way to censoring music. The PMRC and other organizations have also convinced government organizations like the Federal Communications Commissions (FCC) to regulate what music is played on the radio. Places like Target, Disc Jockey, and other local record ...

How to Teach English Using Newspapers

How to Teach English Using Newspapers Newspapers or magazines are a must-have in every classroom, even beginner classrooms. There are a number of ways to use newspapers in the classroom, ranging from simple reading exercises to more complex writing and response assignments. Here are suggestions on how to use newspapers in class arranged by linguistic objective.   Reading Straight forward reading: Have students read an article and discuss.Ask students to find articles from different nations on a global topic. Students should compare and contrast how different nations cover the news story. Vocabulary Focus on word forms using colored pens. Ask students to circle different forms of a word such as worth, worthy, worthless, etc. in an article.  Ask students to find various parts of speech such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs.Make a mind-map of an article relating ideas through vocabulary.Focus on words related to certain ideas. For example, ask students to circle verbs that are related to finance. Have students explore the differences between these words in groups. Grammar Discuss the use of present perfect for recent events that have an effect on the current moment by focusing on truncated newspaper  headlines that use the past participle such as  XYZ Merger Done Deal, Law Approved In SenateUse colored pens to focus on grammar points. For example, if you are studying verbs that take the gerund or the infinitive, have students highlight these combinations using one color for gerunds and another color for infinitives. Another option is to have students highlight different tenses in different colors.Photocopy an article from a newspaper. White out key grammar items that you are focusing on and have students fill in the blank. For example, white out all the helping verbs and ask students to fill them in. Speaking Break students up into groups and read a short article. Students should then write questions based on this article, and then exchange articles with another group providing questions. Once groups have answered the questions, get students into pairs, one from each group, and have them discuss their answers.Focus on ads. How are the ads pitching their products? What messages are they trying to send? Listening / Pronunciation Ask students to prepare two paragraphs from a newspaper article. First, students should all the content words in the passage. Next, have students practice reading the sentences focusing on using correct intonation of the sentence by focusing on content words. Finally, students read to each other asking simple questions for comprehension.Focus on an IPA symbol or two through the use of minimal pairs. Ask students to underline example of each phoneme practiced. For example, have students compare and contrast the phonemes for the short /I/ sound and the longer ee of /i/ by looking for representative words with each phoneme.Use a news story that has a transcript (NPR often does provides these on their website). First, have students listen to a  news story. Next, ask questions about the main points of the story. Finally, ask students to listen while reading the transcript. Follow up with a  discussion. Writing Have students write short summaries of news stories they have read.Ask students to write a newspaper article of their own for a school or class newspaper. Some students can do interviews, others take photos. Alternately, use the same idea to create a class blog.Lower level students can use photos, charts, pictures, etc. to begin writing descriptive sentences. These can be simple sentences describing what someone is wearing to practice related vocabulary. More advanced students can write about the back story of photos such as why the person was in a certain situation shown in a photograph.

Small business Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Small business - Assignment Example Did you use a survey/questionnaire? If so, you may like to attach a copy of your survey/questionnaire to the back of this plan.] 11 Market targets[Outline your planned sales targets. What quantity of your products/services do you plan to sell in a planned timeframe? Are they monthly or yearly targets?] 11 Environmental/industry analysis[Detail the results of the market research you have performed. Is the area experiencing population growth? Are there long-term employers in the area? Is the region's economy stable? Are there seasonal variations? 11 Your customers 11 S.W.O.T. analysis[List each of your businesses strengths, weaknesses, opportunities or threats in the table below and then outline how you plan to address each of the weaknesses/threats.] 11 Your competitors[How do you rate against your competitors? How can your business improve on what they offer?] 11 Advertising & sales 12 Vision statement[What is your business' vision statement? It should briefly outline your future pla n for the business and include your overall goals.] 13 Mission statement[What is your business' mission statement? I.e. how will you achieve your vision?] 13 Goals/objectives[What are your short & long term goals? What activities will you undertake to meet them?] 13 Action plan 13 Key objectives & financial review 13 Supporting documentation 13 Business Plan Summary The Business Business name: [Amdrros Restaurant Ltd.] Business structure: [company.] ABN: [xxxx.] ACN: [xxxx] Business location: [Canberra] Date established: [2 February 2013] Business owner(s): [Roz, Joan, Job, Maxwell, Michelle, Joseph, Bob, Joel] Relevant owner experience: [2 Years experience in Food and beverage industry] Products/services: [Fast foods and beverages such as coffee and soft drinks. The anticipated demand in 5 years to reach sales of $500,000 in 3 years] The Market Target market: The target market consists of tourists, working class and students. These customers would want to buy from use because we pr ovide a unique combination of well-priced Fast food, with an amusing ambiance Marketing strategy: We shall rely on variety of marketing programs to promote our business. These include word of mouth/in-Store Marketing, table tents, wall posters, and V.I.P. party, in-store tour given to every new customer, grand opening celebration, outdoor marquee message changed weekly, and annual birthday parties. In addition, we shall have the local store marketing, which will include local charity, car wash site, school programs such as perfect attendance and honor roll, and free T-shirts to guests that line dance with us. The local media will also be a very important marketing channel. This includes direct mail piece, containing interior pictures of our restaurant, our prices and an explanation of our concept. The other aspect is radio campaign, which will be complete with live remotes on our parking lot. We shall also pick the three top local stations with which to place our short and catchy ad s, in addition

Street Art is a style and an influence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Street Art is a style and an influence - Essay Example The definition of street art, whether discussing the spray painted graffiti of Banksy or the chalk sidewalk drawings of Beever, changes depending upon who is providing the definition. Although often referred to as art, its artistic merits are frequently ignored or deemed unimportant, as is exemplified in the definition provided by the Dublin City Council in which only one of the five listed characteristics even mentions its artistic qualities: â€Å"Graffiti is illegal and an anti-social activity that creates a negative impression of an area and contributes to people’s fear of crime; †¦ is the most common type of property vandalism; †¦ is often the first element in a spiral of decline; †¦ Its artistic merits are irrelevant. It represents one group of people imposing themselves on everyone else and as such is a form of pollution, like people playing loud music †¦ is also a green issue as it is an attack on the environment.† Because chalk art washes aw ay with a good rain, this is not often considered to be as great a nuisance as the spray-paint-wielding wall painters and is thus not addressed in such specific terms by government agencies. Attempting to present a more objective view, Stowers (2005) says simply â€Å"Graffiti is art†, but then follows this with an argument against the establishment definitions with â€Å"The reasons, including aesthetic criteria, as to why it is an art form far outweigh the criticism of illegality, incoherence, and nonstandard presentation.† While both the work of Banksy in spray pain.

Calls for Change in High School Mathematics Essay Example for Free

Calls for Change in High School Mathematics Essay Mathematic educators, parents and students are calling for proper changes in approaches to learning mathematics in high schools. The need to improve learning of mathematics in schools is highly recognized and underlined. Thus, the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics published the Curriculum and Evaluation Standards for School Mathematics that offered recommendations for high school mathematics reform. In addition, the Conference Board of the Mathematical Sciences in their official report ‘The Mathematical Sciences Curriculum K–12: What Is Still Fundamental and What Is Not’ stresses the importance of new topics and techniques in the secondary schools. New approaches should develop new learning techniques that would be discrete from statistics, mathematics, and emphasis on algebra and geometry should be properly re-assessed according to different abilities and needs of students who are taking mathematics course in the secondary school and high school respectively. The need for change and innovation is generally driven by emergence of advanced computing technologies that offers excellent opportunities for school educators to replace manipulative traditional techniques with more complex realistic problem-solving techniques. In its turn, the National Science Board Commission issued a report ‘Educating Americans for the 21st Century’ challenging courses in algebra and pre-calculus and stressing the importance of developing integrated mathematical sciences curriculum in the secondary school. Researchers argue that new curriculum will positively affect students’ achievement outcomes in the secondary and high schools. To make changes more effective teachers are required to understand the advantage of curriculum’s full scope and its consequences; students are required to support the expectations of classroom environment. The Core-Plus Mathematic Project is newly developed curriculum for high school mathematics. Of course, the Core-Plus Mathematic Project or CPMP curriculum is a matter of debates and controversies as not everyone admits the need of high school mathematics reforms. Nonetheless, the CPMP curriculum is worked out with assistance of mathematics education researchers, instructional specialists and classroom teachers. Moreover, the curriculum is shaped by empirical evidence gathered from students and teachers who are willing to participate in field testing. In particular, organization of mathematics curriculum should be interpreted in terms of teaching and assessment recommendations and should follow the standards set in the above-mentioned reports. New mathematics curriculum is a three-year mathematics course for high-school students who are allowed to take the fourth year to prepare for college mathematics. Newly designed curriculum differs from more traditional approaches as new curriculum encourages students’ understanding of mathematics – statistics, probability, algebra, geometry, trigonometry and discrete mathematics. Learning mathematics is developed in focused units that combine fundamental ideas with mathematical habits of mind. It means that new curriculum stresses the need to connect function, data analysis and symmetry with recursive and visual thinking. In contrast to traditional approaches to mathematics, new curriculum emphasizes the role of mathematical modeling and problem-solving instead of simple calculus. Researchers say the primary goal of curriculum improvement is to enhance students’ understanding and comprehension of key mathematical processes and concepts, to enhance student’s ability to use mathematical concepts in real-world problem-solving. Graphic calculators should enhance students’ understanding and abilities to solve authentic problems. Improved instructional materials encourage active teaching and learning processes that will primarily focus on problem situations, abstraction and analysis. Oral and written communication, reasoning with ability to represent, and conceptual understanding are highly appreciated and encouraged. All courses centre on mathematical reasoning and thinking with abilities to develop formal proof. Additional fourth year course will allow to keep students, who prepare for college mathematics, despite whether their undergraduate program is based on calculus. Students interested in mathematics are encouraged to be accelerated into the fourth course year. Today, many researches are focus on identifying whether new curriculum meets its specific goals. In particular, they try to reveal whether the learning outcomes based on new patterns of mathematics learning process differ from outcomes based on more traditional curriculum. During the past eight years researchers conducted various studies to examine mathematical achievement in classroom with CPMP curricula. Research studies have revealed that performance of CPMP students is much better than that of students with traditional interpretation of mathematical representation. It means that problem-solving and recursive thinking appear to be more effective in learning mathematics than simple understanding of key concepts of processes. Further, CPMP students are characterized by higher grade results at the end of the years than students with traditional approach to mathematics. Summing up, recent researches have indicated that CPMP students perform better than students with traditional curriculum. CPMP students are characterized by better abilities to interpret mathematical representation and calculation, to measure conceptual understanding and to recognize the importance of problem-solving. CPMP students are better in probability and statistics, algebraic manipulative skills, etc. Nonetheless, researchers argue that student’s success in college mathematics doesn’t fully depend on CPMP curriculum. Other factors, as, for example, student’s attentiveness, readiness to participate in learning process, self-awareness, classroom environment, play their important role in student’s high school mathematics performance. With guidance from educators, researchers and teachers, curriculum developers will be able to build on stronger patters of student outcomes. References Schoen, H. L. , Hirsch, Ch. R. (2003). Responding to Calls for Change in High School Mathematics: Implications for Collegiate Mathematics. The Mathematical Association of America Monthly, February, pp. 109-123. Available on-line from http://www. jstor. org/stable/3647770 .

The Scarlet Letter :: essays research papers

A person's morals and beliefs are the structure for which their life is built upon. Once you have defied these 'morals'; there is no greater punishment than having to live within oneself. The Scarlet Letter, a Nineteenth Century novel by Nathaniel Hawthorne, raises the question of what is worse is worse; A sin that has been allowed out in the open, or one that has been concealed. Hawthorne chooses a character, Arthur Dimmsdale, to demonstrate that.Dimmsdale, an ordained minister, is a man that is revered within his Puritan society for not only his quiet and effective sermons, but also for his kind hearted ways.A young clergyman coming straight from a university, Dimmsdale brought with him new ideas about religion as well as a renewed passion for the sermons which he gave. The Reverend is described as a 'person of very striking aspect, with a white, lofty, and intending brow, large, brown, melancholy eyes, and a mouth which, unless when he forcibly compressed it, was apt to be tremulo us, expressing both nervous sensibility and vastpower of self restraint.';. Though as the chapters go on it becomes apparent that Dimmsdale is in fact not quite the man that he had been perceived as.Though thoughtful and honest, Dimmsdale did not have the restraint as thought. He in fact, was the father of Hester Prynne's illegitimate daughter Pearl. Rather than having to face the public damnation as well as the detriment to his place within society, Dimmsdale choose to conceal his own guilt, allowing Hester to take the shame and scrutiny alone. Though it may seem that Dimmsdale is cold hearted, in fact the opposite is true. While it is true that Dimmsdale refused to publicly announce his sin, withholding it within himself turned out to be much more punishment than any other could have given. This carnal sin, moreover the concealment of it, in fact is what ultimately becomes this man's demise. A once vibrant man was literally eaten alive by the guilt for which he carried within his heart. The Reverand's vibrant eyes became dark, his rosy cheeks pale and hallow. His once young body now emaciated as if he was trying to purge the sin from within it. Yet if that was still not enough, Dimmsdale walked with a hand covering his heart. His own token reminder that though he himself is no longer an esteemed preacher of God, but simply a man living within a life of sin.

Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller Essay

After reading the play, I think that there are many feelings evoked towards Linda. There is pity and sympathy and some resentment at her denying Willy the chance to work in Alaska. She is a hard-working wife and loving mother. One could blame her for Willy’s suicide but this would be harsh, as she feels that she must go along with what Willy believes and not interfere. To begin with, there is her relationship with her sons. She loves them very much, and wants the best for them. When they come home she is obviously extremely pleased. She says: â€Å"It was so nice to see them shaving together, one behind the other, in the bathroom.† We can see that she is a caring and devoted mother when she defends Biff whilst Willy criticises him: Willy: â€Å"†¦But it’s more than ten years now and he has yet to make thirty-five dollars a week!† Linda: â€Å"He’s finding himself, Willy.† Willy: â€Å"Not finding yourself at the age of thirty-four is a disgrace!† Linda: â€Å"Shh!† Willy: â€Å"The trouble is he’s lazy, goddammit!† Linda: â€Å"Willy, please!† Her sons disappoint her, especially when they desert Willy at Frank’s Chop House where they were meant to be having dinner with him. She is angry with them, and shouts at them: â€Å"You invite him to dinner. He looks forward to it all day – and then you desert him there. There’s no stranger you’d do that to!† â€Å"Get out of here, both of you, and don’t come back!† â€Å"You’re a pair of animals! Not one, not another living soul would have the cruelty to walk out on that man in a restaurant.† Despite this, Biff and Happy love her very much and respect her. Biff refers to her as his â€Å"pal† and is upset to see her hair turning grey: Biff: â€Å"†¦Your hair got so grey.† Linda: â€Å"Oh, it’s been grey since you were in high school. I just stopped dyeing it, that’s all.† Biff: â€Å"Dye it again, will ya? I don’t want my pal looking old.† Happy also respects her and when he describes the kind of girl he would like to meet, he says: â€Å"†¦Somebody with character, with resistance! Like Mom, y’know?† He also says this of her: â€Å"What a woman! They broke the mould when they made her. You know that Biff?† Biff is also sensitive to the way Willy treats her, and stands up for her when Willy keeps silencing her: â€Å"Stop making excuses for him! He always, always wiped the floor with you. Never had an ounce of respect for you.† Linda: â€Å"Oliver always thought the highest of him†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Willy: â€Å"Will you let me talk?† Biff: â€Å"Don’t yell at her, Pop, will ya?† Willy: â€Å"I was talking, wasn’t I?† Biff: â€Å"I don’t like you yelling at her all the time, and I’m tellin’ you, that’s all.† Willy: â€Å"What’re you, takin’ over this house?† Linda: â€Å"Willy†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Willy: â€Å"Don’t take his side all the time, goddammit!† Biff: â€Å"Stop yelling at her!† Linda is also suffering from the financial state of the family, and is upset at her sons’ lack of support. â€Å"†¦Christmas-time, fifty dollars! To fix the hot water it cost ninety-seven fifty! For five weeks he’s been on straight commission, like a beginner an unknown!† She has succeeded in making her sons feel ashamed of themselves, which shows that she is a good mother who can still make her sons feel that they have let her down. I believe that this is a good quality. Biff says this about himself: â€Å"The scum of the earth, and you’re looking at him!† I also admire her confidence when she admits to the boys some of her fears: â€Å"†¦a terrible thing is happening to him. He’s not to be aloud to fall into his grave like an old dog. Attention, attention must be finally paid to such a person.† Linda, as we can see from the play loves Willy very much. She shares in his dreams, and is even too ashamed to remove a piece of rubber piping that he is using to commit suicide with. Despite this, she is thrilled when she sees it gone, though she later discovers that it was Biff who removed it. She is also too ashamed to admit to knowing that Willy is borrowing money from Charley, pretending that it’s his pay. â€Å"Willy, darling, you’re the handsomest man in the world†¦To me you are. The handsomest. â€Å"†¦because I love him. He’s the dearest man in the world to me, and I won’t have anyone making him feel unwanted and low and blue. You’ve got to make up your mind now, darling, there’s no leeway any more. Either he’s your father and you pay him that respect, or else you’re not to come here. I know he’s not easy to get along with – nobody knows that better than me – but†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She shows here her love for Willy, and her faithfulness, even though we know that Willy has been disloyal to her. She tells her children her fears, and that she believes that only they can help him. â€Å"Biff, I swear to God! Biff, his life is in your hands!† â€Å"†¦When he has to go to Charley and borrow fifty dollars a week and pretend that’s his pay? How long can that go on? How long?† She loves her husband so much, that she is too afraid to even talk about his contemplation of committing suicide. â€Å"I’m – I’m ashamed to. How can I mention it to him? Every day I go down and take away that little rubber pipe. But when he comes home, I put it back where it was. How can I insult him in that way?† Therefore we feel remorse for Linda, and much sympathy, as she doesn’t know what to do. We also feel sympathy for her, as we, as an audience, know that Willy is having an affair while he is away at Boston. It is the ultimate punishment for such a loyal and hard-working wife. Even as she mends her stockings, Willy feels guilt for what he has done, and says: â€Å"I won’t have you mending stockings in this house! Now throwx them out!† â€Å"Will you stop mending stockings? At least while I’m in the house. It gets me nervous. I can’t tell you. Please.† Biff almost lets on twice to Linda about The Woman in Boston. He says: â€Å"Because he’s a fake, and he doesn’t like anybody around who knows!† Linda: â€Å"It seems there’s a woman†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Biff: [sharply] â€Å"What woman?† Linda: [simultaneously] â€Å"†¦and this woman†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Linda: â€Å"What?† Biff: â€Å"Nothing. Go ahead.† Linda: â€Å"What did you say?† Linda does once deny Willy the chance to make a success of his career, when she refuses to let Willy go to Alaska to manage some timberland that Ben owns: Willy: â€Å"No wait! Linda, he’s got a proposition for me in Alaska.† Linda: â€Å"But you’ve got [to Ben] He’s got a beautiful job here.† Willy: â€Å"But in Alaska, kid, I could -â€Å" Linda: â€Å"You’re doing well, enough, Willy!† Ben: â€Å"Enough for what, my dear?† Linda: â€Å"Don’t say those things to him! Enough to be happy right here, right now. Why must everybody conquer the world? You’re well liked, and the boys love you, and someday – [to Ben] – why, old man Wagner told him just the other day that if he keeps it up he’ll be a member of the firm, didn’t he, Willy?† It would be unfair to judge Linda’s actions here, as it was early in their marriage, and she probably believed everything Willy told her about his achievements. We also feel pity for Linda when Willy keeps silencing her. He does this very often, but we can’t tell why. Willy: â€Å"†¦- don’t you pick it up. They have office boys for that.† Linda: â€Å"I’ll make a big breakfast†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Willy: â€Å"Will you let me finish? [to Biff] Tell him you were in the business in the West. Not farm work.† Biff: â€Å"All right, Dad.† Linda: â€Å"I think everything†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Willy [going right through her speech]: â€Å"And don’t undersell yourself. No less than fifteen thousand dollars.† Willy also gets annoyed with Linda when she buys him a new American type of cheese, one that he hasn’t tried: â€Å"I don’t want a change! I want Swiss cheese. Why am I always being contradicted?† Linda is also correct in her vision of the upbringing of their children, though Willy’s bad influences shadow it, and so the children never take any notice of her. We see her in Act one attempting to persuade Willy that it would be right for Biff to take the stolen football back: â€Å"And he’d better give back that football, Willy, it’s not nice.† According to Linda, Biff is â€Å"too rough with the girls† though Willy puts this down to the fact that â€Å"he’s got spirit, personality†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Despite the many hardships Linda has to face, we can see that she has a strong personality herself, and therefore we feel a lot of pity and sympathy for her at her husband’s funeral: â€Å"I can’t understand it. At this time especially. First time in thirty-five years we were just about free and clear. He only needed a little salary. He was even finished with the dentist.† Ultimately, the feelings evoked towards Linda in this play are sympathy, pity, and concern. There is also admiration felt for the woman who shared her husband’s dreams, and took in all the criticism that was hurled her way in a calm and somewhat melancholy manner.

Born in East LA Essay

What do see when you take a look at a Latino? Do you notice what they are wearing? Or how they walk? Or maybe you just jump into a conclusion and stereotype him/her as an illegal immigrant. Throughout the years Latinos have faced many challenges because of their skin color, the way they dress, or because of the way they talk. Many films have shown Latinos as illegal immigrants to show us how the world views them, but a specific film â€Å"Born in East L. A† shows us how even though a Latino can be an American Citizen they still face many racist stereotypes. Even though a Latinos parents or grandparents have immigrated into the United States years ago and have permanent residency in the United States, they can still face push and pull factors that can motivate them to either go back to their country of origin or motivate them into staying in the United States. In this paper I will show how Born in East L. A represents Latinos as illegal immigrants through the techniques of stereotyping, immigration, and push/pull factors. Born in East L.  A shows us the story of a Chicano named Rudy (Cheech Marin) is deported after being caught in a police raid at toy factory while looking for his cousin. Because of the police raid Rudy is caught and is deported to Mexico even though he is an American citizen. Rudy tries to explain to the police that he is an American citizen but when is asked to show proof of citizenship he figures out that he does not have his wallet and is forced to stay in Mexico. Even though Rudy is an American citizen but is of Mexican descent, he is stereotyped as an illegal immigrant because of his accent and because of the way he looks. One particular scene in the movie that shows massive stereotyping about Latinos is the scene where the French woman appears walking through the city and is gazed upon all the Latino men. This is an example of stereotyping because the woman represents the sexual desire for a white woman by Latino men (Lizzberry). The woman is being tracked across the city to represent how Latinos chase the American dream and how badly they desire the need to assimilate in America (Lizzberry). Another scene from the film that depicts stereotypes is the scene in which the INS officers raid a toy factory and quickly assume that all the Mexicans working in the factory are illegal. The film shows this stereotype by labeling the INS officers â€Å"La Migra† which is Spanish for immigration officers, and all the workers begin to run out the factory trying to avoid being caught and deported. From that particular scene the audience can already assume that everyone that was working in the toy factory was an illegal immigrant because all the workers were being show cased as illegals because they began to run away from the INS officers. In America immigration has become a major problem over the years causing many states to create their own immigration laws which do not allow illegal immigrants to have jobs, own a house, or own a car without proper documentation. In Born in East L. A we are shown how Mexican immigrants continue to try to cross over the border to the United States by having them run across a hill and avoiding the border patrol agents. The role of immigrants in this movie was to portray how Latinos are being classified as illegal immigrants throughout America because of their skin color and background. Towards the finale of the film Rudy gathers a group of illegal immigrants to help him cross the border by having them all rush down the hills in large groups which end up scaring off the border patrol agents allowing Rudy and the other people to safely cross the border (Fregoso 61) Even though Latinos cross the border into America they still face many challenges that can push them back towards their home countries. One factor that pushes Latinos back in the film is how the film showcases Rudy and all his attempts to try to cross over to the United States but fails many times. By showcasing this people can see why many immigrants suffer to try to cross the border on a daily basis. Even though it is hard to cross the border into America, many immigrants still try to do so because they are being pulled in by the opportunities that await them in America. Another factor that pulls Latinos into this country is the chance to get ahead in society; many immigrants come to America for a better education and high paying jobs that they couldn’t receive back in their countries. In the film we are shown how Rudy is forced to cross over south of the border to Mexico thus showing us how hard it is to cross the border (Fregoso 67). Throughout the movie we are being showed many stereotypes that fall into the Latino category such as being called an illegal immigrant. We are also being showed how immigration can cause Latinos to be deported because of their skin color and we also see how different push/pull factors affect the Latinos. From the film we can tell that many Latinos want to come to America ecause of job opportunities that the Anglos offer because they always end up losing workers because of INS raids. Because of the raids company owners are forced to quickly hire workers who can work at low wages so they are forced to hire Latinos because they view the Latinos as illegal immigrants seeking quick employment for mostly any rate of pay. Since many job opportunities open up for the Latinos they keep crossing over the border on a daily basis to pursue the American Dream and to better their lives.

Rabindranath Tagore Essay Essays

Rabindranath Tagore Essay Essays Rabindranath Tagore Essay Paper Rabindranath Tagore Essay Paper Rabindranath Tagore ] ( 7 May 1861 – 7 August 1941 ) . sobriquet Gurudev. was a Bengali polymath who reshaped his region’s literature and music. Writer of Gitanjali and its â€Å"profoundly sensitive. fresh and beautiful verse† . he became the first non-European to win the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1913. In interlingual rendition his poesy was viewed as religious and erratic ; his apparently hypnotic personality. fluxing hair. and other-worldly frock earned him a prophet-like repute in the West. His â€Å"elegant prose and charming poetry† remain mostly unknown outside Bengal. Tagore introduced new prose and poetry signifiers and the usage of conversational linguistic communication into Bengali literature. thereby liberating it from traditional theoretical accounts based on classical Sanskrit. He was extremely influential in presenting the best of Indian civilization to the West and frailty versa. and he is by and large regarded as the outstanding origi native creative person of modern India. [ 5 ] A Pirali Brahmin from Calcutta. Tagore wrote poesy as an eight-year-old. [ 10 ] At age 16. he released his first significant verse forms under the anonym Bhanusi?ha ( â€Å"Sun Lion† ) . which were seized upon by literary governments as long-lost classics. He graduated to his first short narratives and dramas- and the auspices of his birth name- by 1877. As a humanist. universalist internationalist. and blatant anti-nationalist he denounced the Raj and advocated independency from Britain. As an advocate of the Bengal Renaissance. he advanced a huge canon that comprised pictures. studies and scribbles. 100s of texts. and some two thousand vocals ; his bequest endures besides in the establishment he founded. Visva-Bharati University. Tagore modernized Bengali art by rejecting stiff classical signifiers and defying lingual stenosiss. His novels. narratives. vocals. dance-dramas. and essays spoke to topics political and personal. Gitanjali ( Song Offerings ) . Gora ( Fair-Faced ) . and Ghare-Baire ( The Home and the World ) are his best-known plants. and his poetry. short narratives. and novels were acclaimed- or panned- for their lyricality. colloquialism. naturalism. and unnatural contemplation. His composings were chosen by two states as national anthems: the Republic of India’s Jana Gana Mana and Bangladesh’s Amar Shonar Bangla. The composer of Sri Lanka’s national anthem: Sri Lanka Matha was a pupil of Tagore. and the vocal is inspired by Tagore’s manner.

Changan - Capital of the Han, Sui, and Tang Dynasties

Changan - Capital of the Han, Sui, and Tang Dynasties Changan is the name of one of the most important and immense ancient capital cities of ancient China. Known as the eastern terminal of the Silk Road, Changan is located in Shaanxi Province about 3 kilometers (1.8 miles) northwest of the modern town of XiAn. Changan served as capital to the leaders of the Western Han (206 BC-220 AD), Sui (581-618 CE), and Tang (618-907 AD) dynasties. ChangAn was established as a capital in 202 BC by the first Han Emperor Gaozu (ruled 206-195), and it was destroyed during the political upheaval at the end of the Tang dynasty in 904 AD. The Tang dynasty city occupied an area seven times larger than the current modern city, which itself dates to the Ming (1368-1644) and Qing(1644-1912) dynasties. Two Tang dynasty buildings still stand today―the Large and Small Wild Goose Pagodas (or palaces), built in the 8th century AD; the rest of the city is known from historical records and archaeological excavations conducted since 1956 by the Chinese Institute of Archaeology (CASS). Western Han Dynasty Capital At about AD 1, the population of ChangAn was nearly 250,000, and it was a city of international importance for its role as the eastern end of the Silk Road. The Han Dynasty city was laid out as an irregular polygon surrounded by a pounded-earth wall 12-16 meters (40-52 feet) wide at the base and more than 12 m (40 ft) high. The perimeter wall ran a total of 25.7 km (16 mi or 62 li in the measurement used by Han). The wall was pierced by 12 city gates, five of which have been excavated. Each of the gates had three gateways, each 6-8 m (20-26 ft) wide, accommodating the traffic of 3-4 adjacent carriages. A moat provided additional security, surrounding the city and measuring 8 m wide by 3 m deep (26x10 ft). There were eight main roads in Han dynasty ChangAn, each between 45-56 m (157-183 ft) wide; the longest leads from the Gate of Peace and was 5.4 km (3.4 mi) long. Each boulevard was divided into three lanes by two drainage ditches. The middle lane was 20 m (65 ft) wide and reserved exclusively for the use of the emperor. The lanes on either side averaged 12 m (40 ft) in width. Main Han Dynasty Buildings The Changle Palace compound, known as the Donggong or eastern Palace and located in the southeastern part of the city, was approximately 6 sq km (2.3 sq mi) in surface area. It served as the living quarters for the Western Han empresses. The Weiyang Palace compound or Xigong (western palace) occupied an area of 5 sq km (2 sq mi) and was located in the southwestern side of the city; it was where Han emperors held daily meetings with city officials. Its principal building was the Anterior Palace, a structure including three halls and measuring 400 m north/south and 200 m east/west (1300x650 ft). It must have towered over the city, as it was built on a foundation that was 15 m (50 ft) in height at the north end. At the north end of the Weiyang compound was the Posterior Palace and buildings that housed the imperial administration offices. The compound was surrounded by a pounded earth wall. The Gui palace compound is much larger than Weiyang but has not yet been fully excavated or at least not reported in the western literature. Administrative Buildings and Markets In a administrative facility located between the Changle and Weiyang palaces was discovered 57,000 small bones (from 5.8-7.2 cm), each of which were inscribed with the name of an article, its measurement, number, and date of manufacture; its workshop where it was created, and the names of both the artisan and the official who commissioned the object. An armory held seven storehouses, each with densely arranged weapon racks and many iron weapons. A large zone of pottery kilns that manufactured brick and tile for the palaces was located north of the armory. Two markets were identified within the northwestern corner of the Han city of ChangAn, the eastern market measuring 780x700 m (2600x2300 ft, and the western market measuring 550x420 m (1800x1400 ft). Throughout the city were foundries, mints, and pottery kilns and workshops. The pottery kilns produced funerary figures and animals, in addition to daily utensils and architectural brick and tile. In the southern suburbs of Changan were remains of ritual structures, such as the Piyong (imperial academy) and jiumiao (ancestral temples to the Nine Ancestors), both of which were established by Wang-Meng, who ruled ChangAn between 8-23 AD. The piyong was built according to Confucian architecture, a square on top of a circle; while the jiumiao was built on the contemporary but contrasting principles of Yin and Yang (female and male) and Wu Xing (5 Elements). Imperial Mausoleum Numerous tombs have been found dated to the Han Dynasty, including two imperial mausoleums, the Ba Mausoleum (Baling) of Emperor Wen (r. 179-157 BC), in an eastern suburb of the city; and the Du mausoleum (Duling) of Emperor Xuan (r. 73-49 BC) in southeastern suburbs. Duling is a typical elite Han Dynasty tomb. Within its gated, pounded earth walls are separate complexes for the burials of the emperor and empress. Each interment is centrally located within a gated rectangular surrounding wall and covered by a pyramidal pounded-earth mound. Both have a walled courtyard outside of the burial enclosure, including a retiring hall (qindian) and a side hall (biandian) where ritual activities associated with the buried person were conducted, and where the individuals royal costumes were displayed. Two burial pits contained hundreds of nude life-sized terracotta figures―they were clothed when placed there but the cloth has rotted away. The pits also included a number of pottery tiles and bricks, bronzes, gold pieces, lacquers, pottery vessels, and weapons. Also at Duling was a shared mausoleum temple with an altar, located 500 m (1600 ft) from the tombs. Satellite tombs found east of the mausoleums were built during the rulers dynasty, some of which are quite large, many of them with conical pounded earth mounds. Sui and Tang Dynasties Chang​an was called Daxing during the Sui Dynasty (581-618 AD) and it was founded in 582 AD. The city was renamed Changan by the Tang dynasty rulers and served as its capital until its destruction in 904 AD.   Daxing was designed by the Sui Emperor Wens (r. 581-604) famous architect Yuwen Kai (555-612 AD). Yuwen laid out the city with a highly formal symmetry that integrated natural scenery and lakes. The design served as a model for many other Sui and later cities. The layout was maintained through the Tang Dynasty: most of the Sui palaces were also used by Tang dynasty emperors. An enormous pounded-earth wall, 12 m (40 ft) thick at the base, enclosed an area of approximately 84 sq km (32.5 sq mi). At each of the twelve gates, a fired brick fa ¸ade led into the city. Most of the gates had three gateways, but the main Mingde Gate had five, each 5 m (16 ft) wide. The city was arranged as a set of nested districts: the guocheng (outer walls of the city describing its limits), the huangcheng or imperial district (an area of 5.2 sq km or 2 sq mi), and the gongcheng, the palace district, containing an area of 4.2 sq km (1.6 sq mi). Each district was surrounded by its own walls. Main Buildings of the Palace District The gongcheng included the Taiji Palace (or Daxing Palace during the Sui dynasty) as its central structure; an imperial garden was built to the north. Eleven great avenues or boulevards ran north to south and 14 east to west. These avenues divided the city into wards containing residences, offices, markets, and Buddhist and Daoist temples. The only two extant buildings from ancient Changan are two of those temples: the Great and Small Wild Goose Pagodas. The Temple of Heaven, located south of the city and excavated in 1999, was a circular pounded earth platform composed of four concentric stepped circular altars, stacked on top of one another to a height of between 6.75-8 m (22-26 ft) and 53 m (173 ft) in diameter. Its style was the model for the Ming and Qing Imperial Temples of Heaven in Beijing. In 1970, a hoard of 1,000 silver and gold objects, as well as jade and other precious stones called the Hejiacun Hoard was discovered at Changan. The hoard dated to 785 AD was found in an elite residence. Burials: a Sogdian in China One of the individuals involved in the Silk Road trade that was so central to the importance of ChangAn was Lord Shi, or Wirkak, a Sogdian or ethnic Iranian buried in ChangAn. Sogdiana was located in what is today Uzbekistan and western Tajikistan, and they were responsible for the central Asian oasis towns of Samarkand and Bukhara. Wirkaks tomb was discovered in 2003, and it includes elements from both Tang and Sogdian cultures. The underground square chamber was created in the Chinese style, with access provided by a ramp, an arched passageway and two doors. Inside was a stone outer sarcophagus measuring 2.5 m long x 1.5 m wide x 1.6 cm high (8.1x5x5.2 ft), lavishly decorated with painted and gilded reliefs depicting scenes of banquets, hunting, travels, caravans, and deities. On the lintel above the door are two inscriptions, naming the man as Lord Shi, a man of the nation of Shi, originally from the Western countries, who moved to Changan and was appointed sabao of Liangzhou. His name is inscribed in Sogdian as Wirkak, and it says that he died at the age of 86 in the year 579, and was married to the Lady Kang who died one month after him and was buried by his side. On the southern and eastern sides of the coffin are inscribed scenes associated with the Zoroastrian faith and in Zoroastrian fashion, the selection of the south and eastern sides to decorate corresponds to the direction the priest faces when officiating (south) and the direction of Paradise (east). Among the inscriptions is the priest-bird, which may represent the Zoroastrian deity Dahman Afrin. The scenes described the Zorastrian journey of the soul after death. Tang Sancai Pottery Tang Sancai is the general name for vividly color-glazed pottery produced during the Tang dynasty, especially between 549-846 AD. Sancai means three colors, and those colors refer typically (but not exclusively) to yellow, green and white glazes. Tang Sancai was famous for its association with the Silk Roadits style and shape were borrowed by Islamic potters at the other end of the trade network. A pottery kiln site was found at ChangAn named Liquanfang and used during the early 8th century AD. Liquanfang is one of only five known tang sancai kilns, the other four are Huangye or Gongxian Kilns in Henan Province; Xing Kiln in Hebei Province, Huangbu or Huuangbao Kiln and Xian Kiln in Shaanxi. Sources: Cui J, Rehren T, Lei Y, Cheng X, Jiang J, and Wu X. 2010. Western technical traditions of pottery making in Tang Dynasty China: chemical evidence from the Liquanfang Kiln site, Xian city. Journal of Archaeological Science 37(7):1502-1509.Grenet F, Riboud P, and Yang J. 2004. Zoroastrian scenes on a newly discovered Sogdian tomb in Xian, northern China. Studia Iranica 33:273-284.Lei Y, Feng SL, Feng XQ, and Chai ZF. 2007. A provenance study of Tang Sancai from Chinese tombs and relics by INAA. Archaeometry 49(3):483-494.Liang M. 2013. Scenes of Music-Making and Dancing in Wall Paintings of the Tang Tombs in the Xian Area. Music in Art 38(1-2):243-258.Yang X. 2001. Entry 78: Changan Capital Site at Xian, Shaanxi Province. In: Yang X, editor. Chinese Archaeology in the Twentieth Century: New Perspectives on Chinas Past. New Haven: Yale University Press. p 233-236.Yang X. 2001. Entry 79: Imperial mausoleums of the Western Han dynasty at Xian and the Xianyang Plains, Shaanxi Province. In: Yang X, editor. Chinese Archaeology in the Twentieth Century: New Perspectives on Chinas Past. New Haven: Yale University Press. p 237-242. Yang X. 2001. Entry 117: Daxing-ChangAn Capitals and Daming Palace Sites at Xian, Shaanxi province. In: Yang X, editor. Chinese Archaeology in the Twentieth Century: New Perspectives on Chinas Past. New Haven: Yale University Press. p 389-393.Yang X. 2001. Entry 122: Hoard of Gold and SIlver Objects at Hejiacum, Xian, Shaanxi province. In: Yang X, editor. Chinese Archaeology in the Twentieth Century: New Perspectives on Chinas Past. New Haven: Yale University Press. p 3412-413.

Business Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Business Strategy - Essay Example The important part of the business strategy is to ensure that the resources and the competencies are evaluated and much more understood. The process is known as strategic audit of a business strategy (Government Commerce Office Great Britain, 2004) An example of strategy is like a situation where a business decides to start operating beyond the borders of its home country. Literature Review Phases of Strategy Execution Before embarking on the study, it is important to know what a business strategy entails and the steps of forming and implementing a business strategy. The prime steps in executing a strategy include, the formation and analysis, development, implementation and review of strategy as per the international marketing strategy book by Doole and Lowe say in their book. Basically, formation and analysis of strategy is the introduction of international operations of business in an international environment of trading. Considerations have to be considered with regards to cultura l and social environments of international marketing. Development of strategy focuses on the fact whether a business is medium or small sized. The world strategies of a business are considered and the entry to a given market alike. There is also the part of the international commodity management. While implementing a business strategy, there are functions involved with the likes of international way of contacting other businesses and basically the communication part of it. There is also the management of the international logistics and distribution. The prices are also set that suit the international market. Enabling technologies are put in place as well. Reviewing of a strategy as the last step is the reviewing of the implemented strategy to asses its performance. This involves evaluating performance and initiating adjustments meant for correcting long term direction, condition changes, new ideas and emerging opportunities. It aims at deciding on the continuity of the companyâ€⠄¢s vision, the objectives or the implementation methods of the strategy. (Doole and Lowe, 2008) This study is for the purpose of expounding on the issue of strategy and in terms of a specific case of Starbucks Company and it is going to consider the company in all fronts of a business strategy. That is, in terms of the four major steps of coming up with a business strategy; forming, developing, implementing, and reviewing of a strategy for an organization. One of the business strategies Starbucks has had in the recent past is the internationalization strategy. This strategy was done in the four steps aforementioned. These are going to be explained in the following write-out. Basically, Starbucks Company buys whole bean coffees and roasts them. It also makes offers of fine pastries, premium Tazo teas and other delicacies. It provides an entertainment environment as well for the visitors of their shops. (starbucks, 2011) Starbucks is a renown brands of those brands of coffee sold glo bally. It is now established in around 43 nations with about 15,000 franchises of coffee shops around the globe. This company was first set up in year 1971 as a small coffee retailer specialty and it was in Seattle. (Daft, Murphy and Willmott, 2010 p49) Starbucks has since 1971 had a change of direction by entering new markets such as Japan, Hawaii, Singapore, and since year

Physicians Assisted Suicide Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Physicians Assisted Suicide - Research Paper Example Therefore, it transpires that in the case of physician-assisted suicide, the elements of alleviation of pain and suffering or infeasibility of further treatment are not deemed mandatory. Though ancient Greek culture has recognized this practice on the grounds of rationality, it finally appears to have assumed a religious morality angle under the patronage of the Christian church, which ascribes a â€Å"sinful nature to suicide† (Lachman 121). In the modern day, a controversy exists on the topic because while some people argue that an individual reserves the right to end his or her life, others contend that aiding or assisting a person to commit suicide amounts to abetting murder. A. Purpose of the Paper: This paper attempts to explore the topic in detail, with specific reference to it legal, moral and social responsibility contexts and to analyze whether an extreme measure of physician assisted suicide can be accepted as a standard norm in a civilized society. In doing so, the paper will examine the practical implication of the issue both on the society as well as an individual, who seeks to end his or her life due to some reason and rationale. B. ... C. Background Information on the Topic: The claim to individual’s rights or autonomy is a tenable proposition and a patient’s right to choose between life and death, especially when he or she suffers from some incurable health condition, needs to be honored. However, religious notions and moral values imbibed in a civilized society forbid the voluntary termination of a life. Thus, the question of the validity and legality of sanctioning physician-assisted suicide as a standard practice has become a matter of high controversy. Generally, patients with terminal health conditions such as AIDS, cancer etc are the ones who request to â€Å"hasten death† and it becomes an emotional and moral dilemma for the healthcare professionals (121). Research evidence from Oregon suggests that nearly â€Å"1 of 1,000† patients â€Å"obtain and use† medication to terminate their lives while â€Å"17%† of them have considered it as a viable option (123). Thus, i t appears that despite the reservation about ending of life by terminally ill patients, on the grounds of religious beliefs and morality, many choose it as a favorable option in states that legalize physician-assisted suicide. Therefore, there is scope for an in depth analysis and exploration of various legal aspects of the issue. In addition, I also have personal experience from within my community, wherein I have seen one neighbor suffering from breast cancer. Her condition remained so painful that she kept asking her husband and children to have her life terminated through PAS. It was also difficult for her family to keep up with her, without compromising their daily commitments. Her husband was a sales executive in a big

The Soul and its Importance to Theology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Soul and its Importance to Theology - Essay Example We nourish our bodies' thorough proper diet and our minds through education and learning, but how do we nourish our souls As a society, we have been desensitized to the virtue of a human beings' soul. This is evident in the wide use of the term "soul-mate" and the over use of the word in the songs we hear on the radio. Most of us, rarely describe how we behave or the manner in which we live our lives, as nourishing our souls. Most of us, cannot even give a definition or description of a soul if asked. Throughout history, the definition, composition and purpose of the human soul have been heavily debated and are often referred to as the Mind/Body argument. In some theologies, it is believed that if the soul only exists in the mind and if the soul does in fact, exist in the mind then it too dies when the brain ceases to function at death. In other theologies, the soul is described as an immaterial part of our physical beings and is without physical bounds. It does not die when our physical bodies die, but transcends from our bodies at death. The objections raised in this theory point to the fact that if the soul is immaterial, that is to say that it is not composed of matter, how then, is it said to exist In his The Summa Theologica, Saint Thomas Aquinas attempted to answer this objection and other questions raised regarding the existence of the human soul. In part one of The Summa Theologica the section titled "The Treatise of Man" the objection to the composition of a soul is argued that "nothing gives what it is not; for instance what is not hot does not give heat" (Aquinas section 75 article 1 The Summa Theologica). This goes to say that if the soul is the force that moves the body, and then the soul is the body. Aquinas countered the objection to say that the soul is not the body, but an act of the body. Aquinas goes on to state that the body and soul work in conjunction to create one entity. The body, working through the material by way of its' physical senses, converts the material to the immaterial. For instance, by sight a human being attains knowledge through reading. Through hearing, a human being attains knowledge by listening. By reading words on paper and listening to words through conversation and lecture the mind converts the material to the immaterial. This cognitive soul is dependant upon sensory experiences in order to form mental images or what is referred to in ancient texts as phantasms. Therefore, Aquinas argued, the body and soul are one. This theology by Aquinas raised the next objection: If the body and soul is indeed one unit, what happens to the soul when the body dies It is often noted that Saint Thomas Aquinas found the basis for his theology through the study of Aristotle's philosophies. The division from Aristotelian for Aquinas' occurs when the Saint answers the questions as to what becomes of the soul when the physical human body no longer exists. Aquinas theorized that the soul and the body are separated at death. The continued survival of the immaterial soul after the death of the material body is based on God's will. Steeped in his belief that the body and soul exist as one unit, Aquinas states ""...it is better for the soul to be united to the body than not to be united to it, since it is

Media Representation Of Gender And Body Image

Media Representation Of Gender And Body Image It is estimated that we are exposed to over 3,000 advertisements every day. This makes advertisements a very powerful educational force in society. It can be seen that advertisements sell more than just products. They sell values, images and concepts, love and sexuality, and popularity and normalcy. They ultimately tell us who we are and what we should strive to be. Men, women, teens, boys, and girls all identify people by how they look, to body size and shape, to clothes, as well as hairstyles. Therefore, the way we view our body and image can have a large impact on the way we feel about ourselves. For the most people, especially with adolescents, body image is strongly influenced by mass media and advertising. When looking into advertising within media representation and self body image one can see how powerful of an outlet advertising can be in our current society (Advertising: Its everywhere, 2010). Advertisers emphasize body image and the importance of physical attractiveness in order to sell products. They hope to persuade society that something needs to be added or fixed, because what we have is either not enough or good enough to meet the high demands that society puts on satisfaction. Womens magazines are full of articles convincing women that if they can just lose those a little more weight, then they can have the perfect marriage, loving children, great sex, and a rewarding career. The standard of beauty that is imposed on women is difficult to achieve and maintain and therefore, the cosmetic and diet product industries are sure to profit and grow off the high beauty standard. It is no surprise that youth is increasingly promoted, along with thinness, as an essential criterion of beauty in todays society. Aging is looked at in the media as an issue that needs to be dealt with and ultimately stopped all together (Gerber, 2010). Adolescents are the main target for most media outlets because they are particularly vulnerable and inexperienced consumers. They are still learning their values and roles and developing their self-concepts. Most adolescents are sensitive to peer pressure and find it difficult to resist (Kilbourne, 1999, p.129). This constant exposure to negative body image advertisements may influence individuals to become self-conscious about their bodies and to obsess over their physical appearance. The beauty industry is an extremely large industry that profits off the negative self-esteem and body image of many women in todays society. Women who are insecure about their bodies are more likely to buy beauty products, new clothes, and diet aids. It is estimated that the diet industry alone is worth anywhere between 40 to  100 billion dollars a year selling temporary weight loss products (Cummings, 2005). On the other hand, research indicates that exposure to images of thin, young, air-brushed female bodies is linked to depression, loss of self-esteem and the development of unhealthy eating habits in women and girls. The American research group Anorexia Nervosa Related Eating Disorders, Inc. says that one out of every four college-aged women uses unhealthy methods of weight control, such as fasting, skipping meals, excessive exercise, laxative abuse, and self-induced vomiting (National Association of Anorexia Nervosa and Associated Disorders, 2010) . The Canadian Womens Health Network warns that weight control measures are now being taken by girls as young as 5 and 6 years old (The Canadian Womens Health Network, 2005).   Another study conducted by Marika Tiggemann and Levina Clark in 2006 titled Appearance Culture in Nine- to 12-Year-Old Girls: Media and Peer Influences on Body Dissatisfaction, notes that nearly half of all preadolescent girls wish to be thinner and as a result, they have engaged in a diet or are aware of the concept of dieting (Clark, 2006).  Ã‚   In 2003, Teen magazine reported that 35 percent of girls 6 to 12 years old have been on at least one diet, and that fifty to se venty percent of normal weight girls believe they are overweight (Gibbons, 2003).Overall research indicates that ninety percent of women are dissatisfied with their appearance in some way (The Canadian Womens Health Network, 2005). Media activist Jean Kilbourne concludes that, Women are sold to the diet industry by the magazines we read and the television programs we watch, almost all of which make us feel anxious about our weight (Kilbourne, 1999, p. 47). Many of the media images of female beauty are unattainable a majority of women. The media continues to set unrealistic standards for what body size and appearance is considered normal. If you look through any magazine or turn on the television, you would see collarbones, hipbones, cheekbones and rib cages as the overall trend in Hollywood. Celebrities like Mary-Kate Olsen and Nicole Richie, both of whom have been reported to have eating disorders, can be seen in designer clothing with designer handbags and gorgeous men along with them. This is the model of success for many adolescent girls. Most of these girls look up to and admire these celebrities and are therefore taught at a young age that Barbie is how a woman is supposed to look; tall, blonde, big breasts, and extremely thin. Barbie in reality is so thin that her weight and body proportions are not only unattainable, but also unhealthy (Gerber, 2010).. Researchers have generated a computer model with Barbie-doll proportions and have found that her back would be too weak to support the weight of her upper body, and would be too narrow to contain more than half a liver and a few centimeters of bowel. A  real woman built that way would suffer from chronic diarrhea and eventually die from malnutrition. Jill Barad president of Mattel, the manufacturer of Barbie, estimated that ninety nine percent of girls between the ages of 3 to 10 years old own at least one Barbie doll (Greenwald, 1996). Still, the number of real life women and girls who seek a similarly underweight body is epidemic, and they can suffer equally devastating health consequences (Gerber, 2010). Researchers report that womens magazines have more ads and articles promoting weight loss than mens magazines do, and over three-quarters of the covers of womens magazines include at least one message about how to change a womans bodily appearance through either diet, exercise or cosmetic surgery (Gerber, 2010). Television and movies reinforce the importance of a thin body as a measure of a womans worth. Canadian researcher, Gregory Fouts reports that over three-quarters of the female characters in TV situation comedies are underweight, and only one in twenty are above average in size. Heavier actresses tend to receive negative comments from male characters about their bodies and eighty percent of these negative comments are followed by canned audience laughter (Gerber, 2010). Billboards are one of the largest forms of advertisement. Advertisers tend to make these advertisements especially memorable so they dont go unnoticed. Sometimes, they overlook and take it too far. An example of this was a billboard advertising one of NBCs popular television shows, Friends. The billboard glamorized anorexia by picturing the three female stars of the show and beside them the phrase Cute anorexic chicks. The caption was originally meant to be looked at as a joke regarding the accusations towards the three women of having eating disorders and unhealthy exercise habits, which all of them denied. Although the billboard was removed immediately, it illustrated a spectrum of ads promoting harmful body ideals (Smith, 1999). What may really make a difference in this unhealthy trend are organizations that promote fighting back against the standards that the media presents. An organization that has helped do just that is the About-Face Organization. About-Face is a San Francisco based media literacy organization that concentrates on the effect of the mass media on the physical, mental, and emotional health of females. About-Face encourages personal activism against the thin body ideal. Since 1995 About-Face has been providing education and resources on this subject through research that indicates a relation between exposure to the idealized female in the media and the occurrence of eating disorders (About-Face, 1996). Another organization to promote positive body image is Dove. In 2004, Dove launched the very successful Campaign for Real Beauty which features real women, not models, advertising Doves products. The advertisement is composed of six women all with perfect skin, hair, and teeth. The only thing that is looked at as not perfect is their weight. The women within the Dove advertisement are supposed to portray real women instead of extremely thin models in in hopes to offset the unrealistically thin and unhealthy images associated with modeling and advertisements in an effort to widen the stereotype of beauty and boost sales in the process. The slogan real women have curves as well as the campaigns Web site, which features quotes from each of the Campaign for Real Beauty models, does a great job of capturing the overall message of real beauty (Dove, 2010) . The Campaign for Real Beauty has had a huge impact and response throughout the world. The six women in the U.S. ads are featured in national television spots, magazine advertisements, print advertisements and billboards in major urban markets in North America and similar campaign ads are being run throughout the world by Dove as well. The campaign and its influence on body image have been the topic of many newspapers and blogs, receiving mostly praise, but like any other media outlet, some criticism as well. Some question the legitimacy of real beauty messaging through commercial beauty products along with how the ads might affect women who still do not fit in with the portrayal of beauty in the Dove advertisements. Although the women are not touched up, the models in the series are still smaller than the average American woman at size 14. These women can be paid far less, but they can also break the sameness of advertising (Corbett, 2006). All of this attention is what Dove was really striving for in order to get the message across. According to a press release, Dove wants to make women feel more beautiful every day by challenging todays stereotypical view of beauty and inspiring women to take great care of themselves. The use of women of various ages, shapes and sizes is designed to provoke discussion and debate about todays typecast beauty images (Prior, 2004). According to a study conducted by Dove, only two percent of women describe themselves as beautiful. Sixty three percent strongly agree that society expects women to enhance their physical attractiveness. Forty five percent of women feel women who are more beautiful have greater opportunities in life. The study also looked at the degree in which mass media has played in portraying and communicating an unrealistic view of beauty. More than two thirds of women strongly agree that the media and advertising set an unrealistic standard of beauty that most women coul d not ever achieve. Women feel they are surrounded images unrealistic beauty. The majority wish female beauty was portrayed in the media as being made up of more than just physical attractiveness. Seventy five percent went on to say that they wish the media did a better job of portraying women of diverse physical attractiveness, including age, shape, and size (Dove, 2010). Other advertisers have also been departing from the idealistic body type. In the Just Do It campaign, Nike features muscular, disembodied thighs and butts, labeled Thunder Thighs and Big Butt. These advertisements are very important to understanding the media representation and body image of the direction that society will be heading. It is important to take action with the media and society like represented with the Dove campaign, in order to try and change the trend and get women to love being who they are, no matter what their size, and love the uniqueness of their own body (Corbett, 2006). Another media outlet that should not go unnoticed is the digital media. In todays society this plays a very important role. A great example of this is shown through Doves Evolution video. The video starts off with what appears to be a normal woman and is magically transformed into a beautiful supermodel and placed on a billboard. By using a computer, the womans face is geometrically changed and made to look perfectly proportioned. The video shows people that absolutely perfect faces and bodies are not only rare but nonexistent in many cases (Postrel, 2007). In Madrid, one of the many popular fashion capitals, thin models were banned from the runway in 2006. Spain has recently undergone a project with the aim to standardize clothing sizes through using a process in which a laser beam is used to measure real life womens bodies in order to find the most true to life measurement. This project is hoped to help fight the perception that thin equals beautiful. Milan has also jumped on the idea and also banned ultra thin models from fashion week in 2006 in hopes that models will start to become more healthy sizes (Woolls, 2008). Twenty years ago, the average model weighed eight percent less than the average woman. Todays models weigh twenty three percent less. Advertisers are convinced that thin models sell products and that thin is in. When the Australian magazine New Woman recently included a picture of a heavy-set model on its cover, there was an instant backlash of grateful readers praising the change. The advertisers were less then pleased however. They complained and the magazine soon returned to featuring bone-thin models. Advertising Age International concluded that the incident made clear the influence wielded by advertisers who remain convinced that only thin models spur the sales of beauty products (Gerber, 2010). Mainstream media representations also plays a role in reinforcing ideas about what it means to be a real man in our society. Most media sources portray male characters as rewarding for self-control and controlling of others, aggressive and violent, financially independent, and physically desirability. Although distorted body images have been known to affect women and girls, there is a growing awareness regarding the pressure for men and boys to appear more muscular. Many males are becoming more insecure about their physical appearance due to advertising and other media images that raise the standard and idealize well-built men. Advertising images have been accused of setting unrealistic ideals for males, and men and boys are beginning to risk their health to achieve the well-built media standard (Eating disorders: Body image and advertising, 2008). Another issue is the representation of ethnically diverse women in the media. A 2008 study conducted by Juanita Covert and Travis Dixon titled A Changing View: Representation and Effects of the Portrayal of Women of Color in Mainstream Womens Magazines found that although there was an increase in the representation of women of color, overall white women were overrepresented in mainstream womens magazines from 1999 to 2004. An experiment was designed to view the effects of counter stereotypical portrayals on readers. The research showed that exposure to articles featuring counter stereotypical depictions of women of color tended to evaluate the occupational expectations of women of color among white readers but not people of color (Covert, 2008). In article on African American women and beauty ideals, it is stated that Black women are less vulnerable than white women to reacting negatively is they dont match the ideals pervading prime-time television shows and magazines, according to studies (Smith, 2004). African American women pay little attention to thin images of white women and have better body images than white women, though heavier and unhealthier. African American women have disregarded the idea of thin, pretty white woman as unattainable for themselves and as unimportant to others in the black community (Smith, 2004). It is also found in research that black women were less likely to exhibit signs of bulimia (Smith, 2004). When you think of sexy black women in the media, many would instantly think of Beyonce, Rihanna, or Tyra Banks. However, some would argue that though they are ethnically black, they are whiteified. Their hair has been dyed blonde, straightened hair, and even skin lightened. This is sending a negative message to the darker skinned African American women that they are not beautiful (How the media destroys black beauty, 2010). Some other examples of media sources lighting the skin of African American celebrities by using Photoshop and special lighting techniques is recently shown in Gabourey Sidibes Elle 25th Anniversary Cover. Though the magazine denies the accusations, this is not the first time this has been brought to everyones attention (Everett, 2010). Beyonce Knowles has also been represented several skin shades darker in her LOreal Paris magazine advertisements. Even after the company made a statement claiming this was untrue, many find this hard to believe (Guardian News Media , 2008). Other celebrities to undergo the supposed Photoshop skin lightening include OJ Simpson, Mariah Carey, and even President Obama. The message that media gives about thinness, dieting and beauty tells ordinary women that they are always in need of adjustment. The female body is looked at as an object to be perfected (Gerber, 2010). Jean Kilbourne argues that the overwhelming presence of media images of painfully thin women means that real womens bodies have become invisible in the mass media. This statement implies that the constant exposure of images and texts suggests the idea that the thinner a woman is, the better she is. This has a strong influence on women which then contributes to eating disorders and low self esteem issues. Kilbourne concludes that many women internalize these stereotypes and therefore judge themselves by the beauty industrys standards (Kilbourne, 2010). Some may blame society for accepting negative representation of media. However, it is going to take the media to make a change through better marketing choices and a better view of body image and self-esteem. We are bombarded with images of perfect women and men everyday, whether it is on our favorite television shows, movies, magazines and music. The majority of the women are tall, thin and beautiful and the men are muscular, tanned and seductive. People who do not fall within this media induced norm are left without models to look up to. Instead, they give in to the cosmetic and diet product industry and try to alter their bodies to what they have been told is beautiful. Adolescent girls and boys are constantly striving to acquire an unattainable physique. Across the nation, millions of teens struggle with eating disorders and borderline conditions. With the help of Organizations like the About-Face Organization and programs like the Doves Campaign for Real Beauty, body image can s oon be embraced by men and women of all ages, sizes, and skin color. Work Cited Advertising: Its Everywhere. Media Awareness Network. Web. 10 Nov. 2010. . Body Image and the Media. The Canadian Womens Health Network. 2005. Web. 10 Nov. 2010. . Clark, L. and Tiggemann, M. (2006), Appearance Culture in Nine- to 12-Year-Old Girls: Media and Peer Influences on Body Dissatisfaction. Social Development, 15:  628-643. Cummings, By Laura. BBC NEWS The Diet Business: Banking on Failure. BBC News Home. 5 Feb. 2003. Web. 10 Nov. 2010. . Campaign for Real Beauty. Dove. Web. 10 Nov. 2010. . Corbett, Rachel. Doves Larger Models Spur Sales and Attention. Womens ENews. 29 Jan. 2006. Web. 10 Nov. 2010. . Covert, J. J., and T. L. Dixon. A Changing View: Representation and Effects of the Portrayal of Women of Color in Mainstream Womens Magazines. Communication Research 35.2 (2008): 232-56. Eating Disorders: Body Image and Advertising HealthyPlace. HealthyPlace.com. 11 Dec. 2008. Web. 10 Nov. 2010. . Everett, Cristina. Elle Magazine Accused of Digitally Lightening Gabourey Sidibes Skin on October Cover. NY Daily News. 17 Sept. 2010. Web. 10 Nov. 2010. . Gerber, Robin. Beauty and Body Image in the Media. Media Awareness Network. Web. 10 Nov. 2010. . Guadian News Media. LOreal Denies whitening Beyonce Knowles Skin in Cosmetics Ad. Buzzle Web Portal. 8 Aug. 2008. Web. 10 Nov. 2010. . Gibbons, Sheila. Teen Magazines Send Girls All the Wrong Messages. Womens ENews. 29 Oct. 2003. Web. 10 Nov. 2010. . Greenwald, John, Valerie Marchant, and Jacqueline Savaiano. BARBIE BOOTS UP TIME. TIME.com. 11 Nov. 1996. Web. 10 Nov. 2010. . How The Media Destroys Black Beauty | Socyberty. Socyberty: Society on the Web. 24 Oct. 2010. Web. 10 Nov. 2010. . Kilbourne, Jean. Beautyand the Beast of Advertising. Center for Media Literacy. Web. 10 Nov. 2010. . Kilbourne, Jean. Cant Buy My Love: How Advertising Changes the Way We Think and Feel. New York: Simon Schuster, 1999. National Association of Anorexia Nervosa and Associated Disorders. National Association of Anorexia Nervosa and Associated Disorders. Web. 10 Nov. 2010. . Postrel, Virginia. The Truth about Beauty. The Atlantic (2007): 1-3. Prior, Molly. Dove Ad Campaign Aims to Redefine Beauty Womens Wear Daily, October 8, 2004. Smith, Dakota. Black Women Ignore Many of Medias Beauty Ideals. Womens ENews. 10 June 2004. Web. 10 Nov. 2010. . Smith, Katie. Effect of the Media on Eating Disorders. Effect of the Media on Eating Disorders. 23 Nov. 1999. Web. 10 Nov. 2010. . Woolls, Daniel. Spain to Make Clothes for Real Women. USATODAY.com. 7 Feb. 2008. Web. 10 Nov. 2010. .